Statistical Functions in Excel

Central Tendency

AVERAGE

Calculates the arithmetic mean of values.

=AVERAGE(A1:A100)

MEDIAN

Returns the middle value when data is sorted.

=MEDIAN(A1:A100)

MODE

Returns the most frequently occurring value.

=MODE.SNGL(A1:A100)
=MODE.MULT(A1:A100)  // for multiple modes

Dispersion Measures

Standard Deviation

=STDEV.S(A1:A100)  // sample
=STDEV.P(A1:A100)  // population

Variance

=VAR.S(A1:A100)  // sample
=VAR.P(A1:A100)  // population

Other Useful Functions

Function	Description
PERCENTILE.INC	=PERCENTILE.INC(A1:A100, 0.9) - 90th percentile
QUARTILE.INC	=QUARTILE.INC(A1:A100, 1) - first quartile
RANK.EQ	=RANK.EQ(A1, A:A, 0) - rank descending

Conditional Statistics

• AVERAGEIF / AVERAGEIFS
• MAXIFS / MINIFS
• COUNTIF / COUNTIFS

Conclusion

These functions form the foundation of data analysis in Excel and are essential for any analyst.